Rue de Rivolione of the most famous streets of Paris |
Rue
de Rivoli is one of the most famous streets of Paris, a commercial street
whose shops include the most fashionable names in the world. It bears
the name of Napoleon's early victory against the Austrian army, at the
battle of Rivoli, fought January 14 and 15, 1797. The rue de Rivoli marked
a transitional compromise between an urbanism of prestige monuments and
aristocratic squares, and the forms of modern town planning by official
regulation.
The
new street that Napoleon Bonaparte pierced through the heart of Paris
took for one side the north wing of the Louvre, which Napoleon extended,
and the Tuileries Gardens. For the first time ever, a handsome, regular,
wide street would face the north wing of the old palace. Napoleon's original
section of the street opened up eastward from the Place de la Concorde.
Builders on the north side of the Place Louis XV, as it then was, between
rue de Mondovi and rue Saint-Florentin, had been constrained by letters
patent in 1757 and 1758 to follow a single facade plan. The result was
a pleasing uniformity, and Napoleon's planners extended a similar program,
which has resulted in the famous arcaded facades that extend for almost
a mile.
The
restored Bourbon King Charles X continued the rue de Rivoli eastwards
from the Louvre, as did King Louis-Philippe. Finally, Emperor Napoleon
III extended it on into the 17th-century quarter of the Marais (see: Right
Bank). Beneath the rue de Rivoli runs one of the main brick-vaulted oval-sectioned
sewers of Paris' much-imitated system, with its sidewalks for the sewerworkers.
In 1852, opposite the wing of the Louvre, Baron Haussmann enlarged the Place du Palais-Royal that is centered on the baroque Palais-Royal, built for Cardinal Richelieu in 1624 and willed to the royal family, with its garden surrounded by chic commercial arcades (see: Palais-Royal). At the rear of the garden is the Bibliothèque Nationale.
At the point where the Grands Boulevards crossed an enormous new square, the new opera house was built. The Opera Garnier is a magnificent monument to the construction of the Second Empire. Just behind the opera house can be found the largest department stores, like the Galeries Lafayette and Printemps.
East along the rue de Rivoli, at the Place des Pyramides, is the gilded
statue of Joan of Arc situated close to where she was wounded at the Saint-Honoré
Gate in her unsuccessful attack on English-held Paris on September 8,
1429. A little further along, towards the Place de la Concorde, the rue
de Castiglione leads to the Place Vendôme, with its Vendôme
Column surmounted by the effigy of Napoleon Bonaparte